An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth-Century Turkish

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Gerard Clauson

Sir Gerard Leslie Makins Clauson (1891–1974) was an English civil servant, businessman, and Orientalist best known for his studies of the Turkish language.

Clauson attended Eton College, where he was Captain of School, and where, at age 15 or 16, he published a critical edition of a short Pali text, "A New Kammavācā" in the Journal of the Pali Text Society. In 1906, when his father was named Chief Secretary for Cyprus, he taught himself Turkish to complement his school Greek. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Oxford, in classics, receiving his degree in Greats, then became Boden Sanskrit Scholar, 1911; Hall-Houghtman Syriac Prizeman, 1913; and James Mew Arabic Scholar, 1920. During World War I, he fought in the battle of Gallipoli but spent the majority of his effort in signals intelligence concerned with German and Ottoman army codes.

These were the years in which the great Central Asian expeditions of Sven Hedin, Sir Aurel Stein, etc. were unearthing new texts in a variety of languages including Tokharian, Khotanese, and Tumshuqese. Clauson actively engaged in unraveling their philologies, as well as Chinese Buddhist texts in the Tibetan script.

Clauson also worked on the Tangut language, and in 1937–1938 wrote a Skeleton dictionary of the Hsi-hsia language. This dictionary was never published, but a manuscript copy is held at the School of Oriental and African Studies in London.[1]

In 1919 he began work in the British Civil Service, which was to culminate in serving as the Assistant Under-Secretary of State in the Colonial Office, 1940-1951, in which capacity he chaired the International Wheat Conference, 1947, and International Rubber Conference, 1951. After his mandatory retirement at age 60, he switched to a business career and in time served as chairman of Pirelli, 1960-1969.

Selected works

1962. Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Routledge (reprint, 2002). ISBN 0415297729.
1964. "The future of Tangut (Hsi Hsia) Studies"; Asia Major (New Series) volume 11, part 1: 54–77.
1972. An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

References

1. Grinstead, Eric (1972). Analysis of the Tangut Script. Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies. p. 38.
C. Edmund Bosworth, "Introduction" to Clausen's Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics

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This is the essential dictionary for early Turkic language study. Materials available in these langauges include various inscriptions, Manichaen texts, Buddhist texts, Christian texts (primarily Nestorian) and a variety of texts as you would expect in any language - legal documents, medicinal, astronomical, astrological, omen, magic etc. The lanuages include various stages of Turku, Uighur, Kirgiz, Xakani, Ogus, Kipcak, Chagatay ... The dictionary is well arranged and readable. An essential reference for the entire family of languages.

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