Harold Lamb. Suleiman the Magnificent

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Suleiman the Magnificent

Suleiman I ( /ˈsuːlimɑːn/; Ottoman Turkish: سلطان سليمان اول, Sultān Suleimān-i evvel or قانونى سلطان سليمان‎, Kānūnī Sultān Suleimān, Modern Turkish: I. Süleyman (Turkish pronunciation: [sylejmɑn]) or Kanuni Sultan Süleyman; 6 November 1494 – 5/6/7 September 1566) was the tenth and longest-reigning Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1520 to his death in 1566. He is known in the West as Suleiman the Magnificent[3] and in the East, as "The Lawgiver" (Turkish: Kanuni; Arabic: القانونى‎, al‐Qānūnī), for his complete reconstruction of the Ottoman legal system. Suleiman became a prominent monarch of 16th century Europe, presiding over the apex of the Ottoman Empire's military, political and economic power. Suleiman personally led Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian strongholds of Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary before his conquests were checked at the Siege of Vienna in 1529. He annexed most of the Middle East in his conflict with the Safavids and large swathes of North Africa as far west as Algeria. Under his rule, the Ottoman fleet dominated the seas from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf.[4]

At the helm of an expanding empire, Suleiman personally instituted legislative changes relating to society, education, taxation, and criminal law. His canonical law (or the Kanuns) fixed the form of the empire for centuries after his death. Not only was Suleiman a distinguished poet and goldsmith in his own right; he also became a great patron of culture, overseeing the golden age of the Ottoman Empire's artistic, literary and architectural development.[5] He spoke six languages: Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, serbian[citation needed], Chagatai (a dialect of Turkic languages and related to Uyghur), and Persian.

In a break with Ottoman tradition, Suleiman married a harem girl, Roxelana, who became Hürrem Sultan; her intrigues as queen in the court and power over the Sultan made her quite renowned. Their son, Selim II, succeeded Suleiman following his death in 1566 after 46 years of rule.

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Contents

I THE SUMMONS 1
The Messengers 1
Voices of the City 9
Seclusion of the Family 18
Sheepskins in the Treasury 27
The Rose Garden between Two Worlds 33
The White City 40

II LANDS OF WAR 45
The Bastard of the Magnifica Comunita 45
School of the Tribute ChUdren 48
Rhodes . 56
The Surrender 63
The Cost of the Capture of Rhodes 67
Mainstays of the Organization 75
Appearance of the Laughing One 79
The First Show at the Hippodrome 82
Janizaris Overturn Their Kettles 88
The Warning of Mohacs 92
Opening of die Corridor 99
Appeal of the Queen Mother of France 105
Europe s Kaleidoscope Changes 109
Laws and Human Needs
Challenge of the First Embassies 119
Road to Vienna
The Kartnertor
Retreat
Evidence of the Hippodrome 136
End of the Three Gentle Souls 140
The Utopia of 1531 144
March of the Phantom Army 150
Truce on the Danube I 56

III THE SEA 161
The Impelling Forces 161
Khair ad-Din Barbarossa 164
Charles Sails to Africa 170
Barbarossa Sells Himself 176
The Instructions of Monsieur de la Foret 181
Foray into Italy 183
The Lost Army and the Holy League 187
The Duel offPrevesa 193
The Wind of Charles' 198

IV THE QUEST IN ASIA 207
The Secret in the Poem 207
What Ogier Busbecq Saw 209
The Enemy in- Asia 211
Journey into the Past 213
The Case of Iskander Chelebi 217
The Power and the Glory 220
On the Steppes of Asia 222
Barbarossa's Last Jest 227
Dragut 232
A Peace Is Won 238
The First Conspiracy of the Harem 241
The Three Mutes of the Bowstring 247
The Refuge on the Hill 253
The Danger of Peace and Wealth 257
The Approach of Ivan the Terrible 262
The Lost Admiral 265
The Ride to the Last Judgment 271

V MALTA, AND THE LAST MARCH OUT 277
The Impossible Task 277
Death of Bayazid 281
Refuge on the Black Mountain 288
The Dead Men of St. Elmo 292
Change of the Leaders 301
The Anniversary at Sziget 305

VI EBB OF THE TURKISH TIDE 311
The Lawgiver 311
The Accusers 315
When the Women Ruled 318
The Impelling Forces 325
The Destructive Forces 326
The Legend of the Warrior 329
The Legend of the Pirates, and Lepanto 332
The Barbary Coast 337
Suleiman and Ivan the Terrible 340
The Turks Hold to the Black Sea 342
"The Russians Stand Firm without Their Heads" 345
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 350
INDEX 357

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