Nasireddin Sahin Avrupa Seyahatnamesi

12.12.11 | yabgu

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<b>Nas&#305;reddin &#350;ah&#305;n Avrupa Seyahatnamesi</b>
Author: Soner I&#351;imtekin
Publisher: Ankara
Publication date: 2005
Number of pages: ?
Format / Quality: PDF
Size: 14,4 Mb
Language: Turkish

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Цитата:

Nas&#305;reddin &#350;ah

Nas&#305;reddin &#350;ah (17 Temmuz 1831, Tahran - 1 May&#305;s 1896, Tahran), Ka&#231;ar Hanedan&#305;ndan gelme &#304;ran &#351;ah&#305; (1848-1896). Bat&#305; &#252;lkeleriyle kurulan ili&#351;kilerin getirdi&#287;i de&#287;i&#351;im gereksinimini kavrayamam&#305;&#351; ve ba&#351;lang&#305;&#231;ta izledi&#287;i reform politikas&#305;n&#305; terk ederek giderek tutucula&#351;m&#305;&#351;t&#305;r.

Muhammed &#350;ah'&#305;n k&#252;&#231;&#252;k o&#287;ullar&#305;ndan biri olmas&#305;na kar&#351;&#305;n, annesinin etkisiyle veliaht se&#231;ildi. 1848'de babas&#305;n&#305;n &#246;l&#252;m&#252; &#252;zerine tahta &#231;&#305;kmas&#305;n&#305;n ard&#305;ndan ba&#351; g&#246;steren kar&#305;&#351;&#305;kl&#305;klar&#305; ba&#351;bakan&#305; Mirza Taki Han'&#305;n yard&#305;m&#305;yla bast&#305;rd&#305;.Ard&#305;ndan Mirza Taki Han'&#305;n etkisiyle &#252;lkeyi bat&#305;l&#305;la&#351;ma yolunda sokan bir dizi reform ba&#351;latt&#305;.Ama 1851'de refromlar nedeniyle y&#246;netimdeki etkilerini yitiren n&#252;fuzlu &#231;evrelerin k&#305;&#351;k&#305;rtmas&#305;yla Mirza Taki'yi g&#246;revden al&#305;p &#246;ld&#252;rtt&#252;.1852'de iki Babinin d&#252;zenledi&#287;i ba&#351;ar&#305;s&#305;z suikast giri&#351;iminin ard&#305;ndan Babilere kar&#351;&#305; sert ve uzun s&#252;reli bir sindirme harekat&#305; ba&#351;latt&#305;.

Rusya'n&#305;n 19. y&#252;zy&#305;l ba&#351;lar&#305;nda ele ge&#231;irdi&#287;i &#304;ran topraklar&#305; geri almaya ba&#351;aramayan Nas&#305;reddin, 1856'da Afganistan'daki Herat'&#305; i&#351;gal etti.B&#252;y&#252;k Britanya bunu s&#246;m&#252;rgesi Britanya Hindistan&#305;'a y&#246;nelik bir tehdit sayarak &#304;ran'a sava&#351; a&#231;t&#305;.Sava&#351;&#305;n sonunda &#304;ran Herat'tan &#231;ekilmek ve Afganistan Krall&#305;&#287;&#305;'n&#305; tan&#305;mak zorunda kald&#305;.

Nas&#305;reddin h&#252;k&#252;mdarl&#305;&#287;&#305; s&#305;ras&#305;nda din adamlar&#305;n&#305;n siyasal ve toplumsal ya&#351;am &#252;zerindeki etkisini k&#305;rd&#305;, telgraf ve posta hizmetlerini ba&#351;latt&#305;, yollar yapt&#305;rd&#305;, Bat&#305; t&#252;r&#252; e&#287;itim veren ilk &#304;ran okulunu a&#231;t&#305; ve &#304;ran'da ilk g&#252;nl&#252;k gazetenin yay&#305;m&#305;n&#305; ba&#351;latt&#305;. Ama h&#252;k&#252;mdarl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305;n son y&#305;llar&#305;nda reformlara gidilmesi yolundaki bask&#305;lara kararl&#305; bi&#231;imde kar&#351;&#305; koydu.Ayr&#305;ca maddi &#231;&#305;kar&#305; i&#231;in yabanc&#305;lara bir dizi ayr&#305;cal&#305;k tan&#305;d&#305;.1872'de kamuoyundan gelen bask&#305;lar kar&#351;&#305;s&#305;nda, demiryollar&#305; ve sulama kanallar&#305;n&#305;n yap&#305;m&#305; i&#231;in yabanc&#305;lara tan&#305;d&#305;&#287;&#305; ayr&#305;cal&#305;klar&#305; geri ald&#305;. 1890'da &#252;lkede &#252;retilen t&#252;t&#252;n&#252;n al&#305;m, sat&#305;m ve i&#351;lenme haklar&#305;n&#305; 50 y&#305;l s&#252;reyle yabanc&#305;lara b&#305;rakma karar&#305;, &#252;lke &#231;ap&#305;nda bir t&#252;t&#252;n boykotuna yol a&#231;t&#305; ve karar&#305;ndan vazge&#231;mek zorunda kald&#305;.&#304;zledi&#287;i politikalarla &#231;e&#351;itli &#231;evrelerin d&#252;&#351;manl&#305;&#287;&#305;n&#305; kazanan Nas&#305;reddin, 1896'da Tahran'da bir fanatik taraf&#305;ndan &#246;ld&#252;r&#252;ld&#252;.
Цитата:

&#304;&#199;&#304;NDEK&#304;LER

I &#214;NS&#214;Z.........................................................................................................................
III KISALTMALAR ..........................................................................................................
V TRANSKR&#304;PS&#304;YON ALFABES&#304; ...............................................................................
VI G&#304;R&#304;&#350; ..........................................................................................................................
VII B&#304;R&#304;NC&#304; B&#214;L&#220;M.............................................................................................................. 1
N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h K&#226;&#231;&#226;r ...................................................................................................... 1
A ) N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h’&#305;n Hayat&#305; .................................................................................... 1
B ) N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h’&#305;n Edebi Ki&#351;ili&#287;i ve Eserleri ...................................................... 4 a.
Ruzn&#226;me-i Sefer-i Dovvom-i N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h be Firengistan ......................... 5 b.
Sefern&#226;me-i Sevvom-i N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h K&#226;&#231;&#226;r be Firengistan ...................... 10 c.
Sefern&#226;me-i Irak .............................................................................................. 20
C ) N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;ah’&#305;n D&#246;nemindeki &#214;nemli Siyasi Olaylar .................................. 21 a.
B&#226;bilerin Ayaklanmas&#305; .................................................................................... 21 b.
Emir-i Kebir ve Islahatlar&#305; ............................................................................... 23 c.
H&#226;rezm’e Asker &#199;&#305;kart&#305;lmas&#305; ve Her&#226;t Olay&#305;.................................................. 25 d.
Paris Antla&#351;mas&#305; .............................................................................................. 26 e.
Merv Sava&#351;&#305; ..................................................................................................... 27 f.
N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h D&#246;neminde Bakanl&#305;klar&#305;n Tanzimi ..................................... 28
D ) N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h’&#305;n Yapt&#305;&#287;&#305; Islahatlar ve Verdi&#287;i &#304;mtiyazlar ............................. 30 a.
&#304;mtiyazlar&#305;n Verilmesi ..................................................................................... 30 b.
N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h D&#246;nemi Islahatlar&#305; ............................................................... 32
E ) N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h K&#226;&#231;&#226;r’&#305;n &#214;ld&#252;r&#252;lmesi............................................................... 33

&#304;K&#304;NC&#304; B&#214;L&#220;M ............................................................................................................. 38
N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h K&#226;&#231;&#226;r’&#305;n Avrupa Seyahatleri ve Onlar&#305;n Sonu&#231;lar&#305; ............................. 38

A ) Birinci Seyahatin Sonu&#231;lar&#305; ................................................................................. 38 a.
Reyter Antla&#351;mas&#305;na Muhalefet ve Mo&#351;ir’&#252;d-Devle Aleyhine Ayaklanma...... 38 b.
Mo&#351;iru’d-Devle’nin D&#305;&#351;i&#351;lerine Atanmas&#305; ve Reyter Antla&#351;mas&#305;n&#305;n &#304;ptali ...... 40 c.
Ordunun Tanzimi ile Karakol ve Posta Te&#351;kilat&#305;n&#305;n Kurulmas&#305; ..................... 42
d. Sipahs&#226;l&#226;r’&#305;n Sava&#351; Bakanl&#305;&#287;&#305;ndaki ve D&#305;&#351;i&#351;leri Bakanl&#305;&#287;&#305;ndaki Yetkilerinin
S&#305;n&#305;rlar&#305; .................................................................................................................. 43
B ) &#304;kinci Seyahatin Sonu&#231;lar&#305; ................................................................................... 44 a.
Silah Al&#305;m&#305;....................................................................................................... 44 b.
Avusturyal&#305; Askeri Dan&#305;&#351;manlar&#305;n &#304;stihdam&#305; .................................................. 45 c. Kazakh&#226;ne........................................................................................................ 46 d.
Polis Te&#351;kilat&#305; .................................................................................................. 48 e.
Kut)&#251;r B&#246;lgesinin Tekrar Al&#305;nmas&#305; .................................................................. 50
C ) &#220;&#231;&#252;nc&#252; Seyahatin Sonu&#231;lar&#305; ................................................................................ 52 a.
Piyango Antla&#351;mas&#305; ......................................................................................... 52
&#220;&#199;&#220;NC&#220; B&#214;L&#220;M.......................................................................................................... 54
Sefern&#226;me-i Firengistan-&#305; N&#226;s)&#305;ru’d-din &#350;&#226;h K&#226;&#231;&#226;r .......................................................... 54
A ) Eserin Konusu ve Edebi De&#287;eri ........................................................................... 54
B ) Eserin &#199;evirisi ...................................................................................................... 55
C ) Eser Hakk&#305;ndaki De&#287;erlendirmeler.................................................................. 272
TEZ &#214;ZET&#304; ................................................................................................................ 274
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... 276
EKLER ....................................................................................................................... 278
B&#304;BL&#304;YOGRAFYA ................................................................................................... 284
D&#304;Z&#304;N ......................................................................................................................... 286
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