Sound Documents of Chinese Xinjiang Uighur Muqam Music

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Music of the Uyghurs

The Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam is the general term for a variety of Muqam practices widespread among people in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region. Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam is a composite of songs, dances, folk and classical music, and is characterized by a diversity of content, dance styles, musical morphology and instruments.
The lyrics contain not only folk ballads but also poems written by classical Uyghur masters. Thus, the songs reflect a wide range of styles such as poetry, proverbs, folk narratives and popular topics such as the praise of love and contemplation of life, reflecting the history and contemporary life of Uyghur society.
The music of the Uyghur Muqam is characterized by variations and the continuity of musical patterns, indicating a close affinity with the musical culture of China's central plains. The dancing skills involve unique steps, rhythms and formations as well as figures such as flower-picking-by-mouth, bowl-carrying-on-head and imitation of animals in solo dances.
The Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam has developed four main regional styles, namely the Twelve Muqam, Turpan Muqam , Hami Muqam and Dolan Muqam,Twelve Muqam is known as the "mother of Uygur music." Legend has it in the mid-16th century, aided by other musicians, the imperial concubine Amannisahan of the Yarkant Kingdom, who was also an esteemed poetess and musician, devoted all her efforts to collecting and compiling Muqam music, which was then scattered across areas populated by Uygur. She finally worked out 12 grand, yet light and entertaining compositions that are now known as the Twelve Muqam.
The Twelve Muqam consist of sung poetry, stories, dance tunes and instrumental sections. Some of the lyrics of the Muqam are drawn from the great Central Asian Chagatay poets.
After the founding of new China (1949), the local government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region made every effort possible to preserve the Twelve Muqam. The whole set of the Twelve Muqam consists of 360 different melodies and takes over 24 hours to play in full.

2 Xinjiang Uyghur MuqamoTurpan Muqam
Declarer: Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region
Each of the Turpan Muqam generally corresponds to one mode, and each is about thirty minutes in length. Although no information on its historical transmission is currently available, musically there is much to link the Turpan Muqam to the chong n?ghm? of the Twelve Muqam.
While the section names differ, there is correspondence in overall structure, rhythmic cycles and melodic material. The preferred instrument for the Turpan Muqam is the satar bowed lute, plus t?mbür, dutar, chang and dap frame drum accompanying voices.

3 Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam oHami Muqam
Declarer: Hami Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region
Hami Muqam is a kind of large-scaleUyghur musical performance, including 12 sets of music and 258 songs. During the development process Hami Muqam absorbed many musical elements from China's central plains, central Asia and west Asia in the aspects of lyrics, style and structure.

4 Xinjiang Uyghur Muqam o Daolang Muqam
Declarer: Maigaiti County Xinjiang Uygur Autonmous Region

Daolang people live around the Great Takelamagan Desert that is called the "Sea of Death" in Sinkiang. In ancient times, it was cut off from the outside world, and production lagged behind, so hunting played an important role.
The dancing content of the Daolang Muqam is the whole process of Daolang People's hunting lives: During the overture, dancers lift their arms high, as if they are lifting the torch to light up thewildernessto hunt wild animals. In the main part, dancers perform as if using the language of hunting wild animals and in the end, the dancing team forms a square and dancers whirl cheerfully to show great joy after a successful hunt.
The distinguishing feature of Daolang Muqam music is that all sorts of instruments are played with energy and people sing in different styles loudly and without restraint. They don't follow each other in melody. But overall, there is no difference in the main melody. They singers harmonize and the musicians create multi-faceted music that is full of artistic appeal.

This 3CD anthology is a part of the Book: Instruments Pics, Sound Documents of Chinese xinjiang Uighur Muqam Music, published by Chinese Central Conservatory Of Music.
the Pics and the Musics were collected in four periods: 1950s, 1960s, 1980's, and 1990s up to now. there is no definitive date for each track in the book, and It seems that all tracks have no digital remastering so some sound quarlity are too bad, but obviously most of these recordings were very precious and never released openly even in China.
Disc.1
Track.1-14 are Instrumental Solo pieces, and last 4 tracks are ensemble pieces.
Disc.2
Track.1 is the greatest muqam master TURDI AHUN's historical recordings, the rest is a complete version of a classical Muqam: Muqam Nava.
Disc.3
3 Local muqam: dolan muqam, turupan muqam, Hami muqam.
About the Master TURDI AHUN

Turdi Ahun with his son

Toward the end of the 1940s, the economy of Xinjiang was in recession and people lived in dire poverty. The 12 Muqam was on the verge of extinction and its melody was hardly heard. Up to the 1950s, after the founding of New China, there was only one person who could sing the complete 12 Muqam. He was Turdi Ahun.
The old 12 Muqam musician Turdi Ahun was born in a musician’s family in Yengisar County. He mastered the 12 Muqam at the age of 20. He then performed the musical suite for more than 50 years in Kashgar, Hotan and other places. He could perform with tanbor, duttar, satar and rawap. His performance with satar was rated as unique in Xinjiang.
After the founding of new China (1949), the local government of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region made every effort possible to preserve the "Twelve Muqam." In 1956, Muqam master Turdi Ahun and musician Wan Tongshu, working with other assistants, took great pains to record most of the vocal melodies and librettos of the "Twelve Muqam" on tape. They also recorded the music by hand. Their efforts paved the way for the renaissance of this cultural tradition. In 1960, two volumes of "Twelve Muqam" sung by Turdi Ahun were published. The oral cultural heritage was finally secured in the form of its first publication.

MP3 - 530 Mb
Disc: 1-3

EAC-Flac - 1 GB

Disc: 1

Disc: 2

Disc: 3

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